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乌干达总统反对大学设立“不适应市场需求”的课程

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 楼主| 发表于 2013-2-17 17:16:48 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Uganda's universities normally face leadership challenges but now they face a challenge from the country's leader. In speeches across the country, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni has been chastising them for offering courses - such as literature, development studies and conflict resolution - which he thinks the local job market has no room for.
乌干达大学常常被质疑领导的才能,但是现在却被国家总统的质疑。 在全国演讲中,乌干达总统约韦里·穆塞韦尼责罚大学提供文学,发展研究,解决冲突-他认为当地市场这些种类工作已经饱和。
Instead, Museveni is urging Ugandan universities and students to focus their resources on the sciences, information technology and business.
取而代之,穆塞韦尼催促乌干达大学和大学生将资源集中在科学,信息技术和商务这几门学科。
Exact statistics are not available, but some estimates put the youth unemployment rate as high as 32 percent, and, surprisingly, 36 percent among university graduates.
虽然没有准确的数据,但是据估计青年失业率高达百分之32,而更让人吃惊的是,百分之36是大学生。
At a recent awards ceremony, Museveni said students can't expect to get jobs if they study the wrong subjects.
在最近一次颁奖典礼上,穆塞韦尼表示如果大学生选错了专业,那就不要期望能找到工作。
"The problem is not jobs, the jobs are there," said Museveni. "What is crucial are the skills. There has been a course at Makarere called Conflict Resolution. OK, but what will you do when the conflicts are finished? This unemployment you are talking about . Is it unemployment or is it employability? Is it that you are unemployed, or is it that you are not employable because you have got skills which are not needed on the market?"
“完全不是工作的问题,工作就在那里。”穆塞韦尼说道。 “关键是技能。 Makarere大学有一门课程叫做解决冲突。 好吧,但是冲突解决之后又做什么呢? 就是你所说的失业。 这是失业还是受雇能力问题? 是因为你没有被雇佣,还是因为你的技能不被市场需求而不能找到工作?”
But Professor Paddy Musana, head of the Peace and Conflict Studies program at Makarere University in Kampala, argues that his subject is crucial in a country like Uganda, which lies at the heart of the volatile Great Lakes region.
然而,坎帕拉市Makarere大学和平与冲突研究项目负责人帕蒂.木珊娜教授表示, 在乌干达这样处在不稳定的北美洲五大湖地区中心的国家,他所研究的项目是非常必要的。
"This is a hot spot of conflicts," noted Musana. "If you are going to study the history of Rwanda, if you are going to study the reality of Congo, if you are going to look at 2007 in Kenya, if you are going to look at the case of Sudan - let's look at the countries around us. Now let's come back to Uganda and its political evolution - we are a county that has been shaped by conflicts. So I take it as an unfortunate statement attacking or trying to undermine a course that is very relevant. There is a direct relationship between peace and development."
“这里是争端发生的危险地区,”木姗娜强调, “如果你去研究卢旺达的历史,如果你去了解刚果的现实状况,如果你了解肯尼迪的2007年,如果你就看看苏丹问题-我们看看我们周围的国家。 现在我们回到乌干达以及乌干达的政治改革-我们就是一个在战乱中形成的国家。 所以我认为总统的话语是在想削弱一个对国家很重要的课程。 和平和发展密不可分。”
At Makarere University, students are divided over whether or not focusing on marketable courses would be good for the country. One arts student thought it definitely would not.
在Makarere大学,根据是否赞成重点开展适应市场的课程使国家健康发展的观点,学生被分成两派。 一个艺术系学生表示完全不会带动国家发展。
"If they are only producing scientists then the arts industry will fail," she said. "Because we don't need only doctors, only computer specialists - we need the social sciences, the arts, the communicators."
“如果仅仅是发展科学而忽略了艺术产业,是不会成功的,”她表示, “因为我们需要的不仅仅是医生,电脑科学家-我们需要的是社会学科,艺术,交流者。”
But a group of finance students nearby approved of the president's recommendations, arguing that a focus on marketable courses would improve employment prospects for everyone.
但是,一群金融专业学生很赞同总统的建议, 争论说将重点集中在适应市场的课程将会改善就业前景。
"It will help a few students who are taking them, and I believe with time we shall get more jobs created, compared to just doing many courses in the university and to then go out there looking for things to do in vain," he said.
“这将帮助一些该专业的人,而且我相信随着时间的推移,会创造更多的工作。 而不是在大学学一些课程,结果完全找不到事情做。”他说。
Teshome Alemneh, of the Washington-based agency Higher Education for Development, says the problem is the Ugandan president's narrow definition of marketability. This leaves out courses like agriculture, teacher training and conflict resolution, which, he says are not where the most jobs are to be found, but which are nonetheless very important.
位于华盛顿的高等教育发展机构的Teshome Alemneh表示,主要问题是乌干达总统对市场的狭窄定义。 他将像农业,教师培训,冲突解决,这些都排除在外,并表示这些工作不好找,但是事实上这些却很重要。
"Students are not choosing these programs because they are not really marketable, but these are areas that nations and countries need for their development," Alemneh explained. "Conflict resolution, for example, is very important in many sub-Saharan African countries, in terms of human resources that can foster peace and security and development in these nations. So I would argue national governments should also encourage people to enroll in these other disciplines."
“学生将放弃这些学科,因为这些学科不能适应市场需求,但是却是对国家的发展很重要的领域。”Alemneh解释说, “比如,冲突解决在一些靠近撒哈拉地区是很重要的,因为这些人才能够促进这些国家地区的和平安全发展。 因此,我还是建议国家政府鼓励人们就读这些学科。”
In a country where suspicion of the government runs deep, not everyone is convinced that Museveni has the students' best interests at heart. One philosophy student said he thinks the president's ideas on education have more to do with trying to maintain his own hold on power, than with education itself.
在一个疑心很重的国家,并不是每个人都会相信穆塞韦尼是在考虑学生的利益。 一个哲学系的学生表示他认为总统忽略教育是为了巩固自己的势力,而不单纯是说教育。
"If you promote only natural sciences and you don't promote subjects like philosophy and history, you are not promoting people's reasoning," said Museveni. "For example, our government is corrupt, but if you promote only natural sciences people won't be knowing that the government has got corrupt members within the state."
“如果你仅仅是促进自然科学,而没有像哲学和历史这样的学科,你就没有在提高人们的推理能力,”穆塞韦尼表示。 “比如,政府腐败,但是如果你仅仅发扬自然科学,人们不会了解到国内有腐败人员。”
Yet another thinks that the recent push for more marketable courses is merely intended to distract the public from the fact that the government itself has failed to tackle the country's stubbornly high unemployment rate.
还有人士表示,推动市场学课程,仅仅是为了将群众的目光从政府不能缓解国家顽固的高失业率中转移。
"He has failed to provide the jobs for the youth, so he is using this as a blind spot so that he can divert our minds to other things," she added. "But what he has to do is provide for us enough jobs."
“他不能够为青少年创制就业就会,因此他故意忽略这件事,而将我们的注意力转移到其他事情上。”她补充说。 “但是他必须要创造足够多的就业机会。”
A Makarere spokeswoman said that the university has not yet received any specific instructions from the Ministry of Education. But if necessary, she says, they would be willing to review the arts and social sciences curricula, taking into account the needs of potential employers。
Makarere大学发言人表示该大学尚未收到任何来自教育部的指导建议。 但是,如果有必要,她说,他们将会反思艺术和社会科学课程,将潜在雇主的意愿纳入考虑范围。
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