Tycoons aren’t born, they’re made through determination and a relentless pursuit of growth, improvement and innovation. Our review of several modern day business and finance tycoons reveals that successful business innovators have more than brilliant minds and a strong desire for autonomy.
没有人生来便是商业巨头。他们能有如今的成就，凭借的是坚定的信念，以及对成长、提高与创新的不懈追求。我们研究了几位当代商业和金融领域的巨头，结果显示，成功的商业创新者所拥有的，不仅仅是聪明的头脑和对自主权的强烈渴望。
All four of the mentioned tycoons on our list share a defining characteristic that shaped them into the successful business moguls they’ve become – when faced with initiative-crushing defeat from first job bosses, they bounced back.
我们列出的四位商界巨头有一个共同点——在第一份工作中，当积极性遭到老板的打击时，他们都能振作起来，正是这种特质让他们成为今天的商界大亨。
Mark Cuban
马克•库班
Mark Cuban is a true maverick, and not just because he owns an NBA team with that name. Today he is known and respected in many arenas – as the owner of the NBA’s Dallas Mavericks, as an Internet mogul, and as the star of the hit show Shark Tank. It wasn’t always that way. Cuban’s bright ideas got him off to a bad start at his first job converting paper transactions to digital ones for Mellon Bank in 1980. He suggested ways the company could make more money, started a networking group called the ‘Rookie Club,’ created a company newsletter and began making project updates. His boss did not appreciate his initiative.
马克•库班是一位真正的“离经叛道者”，这不仅仅是因为他拥有一支以此命名的NBA球队。今天，库班因许多角色被人熟知和尊敬——达拉斯小牛队的老板，互联网大亨，热门节目《创智赢家》的明星等。但库班的成长并非一帆风顺。1980年，库班开始第一份工作，为梅隆银行将纸面交易转变为数字交易。他向公司建议了可以赚更多钱的方法，成立了一个名为“新人俱乐部”的社交小组，创建了公司简讯，并开始进行项目更新。但这些聪明的想法，并没有让他在公司平步青云，因为老板对这种积极性并不欣赏。
When Cuban’s entrepreneurial spirit was rewarded with disdain, he didn’t fall in line like a good yes man. Instead, he left the bank job and moved south to Dallas where he realized his dream of starting his owncomputer software company that he later sold and used to build the foundation of his current fortune. Cuban continues to inspire entrepreneurs today to diligently pursue their dreams by challenging the NBA to rethink the home court experience it delivers to its fans.
当创新精神遭遇蔑视的时候，他并没有像好好先生一样迎合他人的想法。相反，他离开了那家银行，来到了美国南部的达拉斯。在那里，库班实现了自己的梦想，成立了一家后来被他出售的计算机软件公司，由此开启了他的财富之门。如今，库班又在挑战NBA，要求这个篮球联盟重新思考应该给球迷带来怎样的主场体验。这种行为表明，库班依然在激励今天的创业者努力追求自己的梦想。
Cuban continues to apply lessons learned from his first job to his current job as owner of the Dallas Mavericks. He’s always looking for ways to improve what his company offers its customers. “I have always tried to create the best possible experience for our customers in all of our businesses, the Mavs included,” Cuban says. “To do that you have to put yourself in the shoes of the customer and learn what makes the experience the most amazing, differentiated experience they could achieve for their entertainment dollar.”
对于达拉斯小牛队老板这份工作，库班依旧在使用他在第一份工作中学到的东西。他总是在想方设法地完善公司为客户提供的产品。库班表示：“我一直在努力为我们所有公司的客户创造最佳体验，包括小牛队的观众在内。要实现这一目标，你必须让自己站在客户的立场思考问题，了解如何才能让他们在娱乐消费中获得最令人惊奇、最差异化的体验。”
Carl Icahn
卡尔•伊坎
After a failed attempt at fulfilling his mother’s dream of raising a doctor, Carl Icahn dropped out of medical school and in 1961 began working as an entry-levelstockbroker for Dreyfus & Company. He was diligent at his work and used his insight into financial transactions to expand the concept of convertible arbitrage, which he then used to build the foundation of his considerable financial empire. By 1968, Icahn had secured a seat on the New York Stock Exchange and launched his brokerage firm, Icahn & Co., Inc.
卡尔•伊坎的母亲希望将他培养成一名医生，但经过一番尝试，他发现自己无法实现母亲的梦想，于是就选择从医学院退学，并在1961年成为德雷福斯公司一名初级股票经纪人。他工作努力，并利用自己对金融交易的洞察力，扩展了可转换套利的概念，据此为自己后来的金融帝国打下了坚实的根基。1968年，伊坎在纽约证券交易所获得了一个席位，并创办了自己的经纪公司Icahn & Co., Inc。
Icahn gained stature and respect in the finance and business industries after venturing into a variety of senior level positions at companies like RJR, Nabisco and Texaco. Today he is the president of Icahn Enterprises, LP, a versatile and publicly traded company. Icahn carries such weight in the finance industry that his trading activity has garnered its own moniker – the Icahn Lift, which refers to the escalation in the stock price that occurs when he starts buying shares in a company. Icahn exerts influence on the finance industrytoday not just with his buying behavior but by encouraging increased shareholder activism.
伊坎曾在雷诺、纳贝斯克和德士古等公司担任各种高层职位，在金融界与商界获得了足够的地位与尊敬。目前，他在伊坎企业公司担任总裁，该公司是一家多样化经营的上市公司。伊坎在金融行业的影响力如此之大，以至于他的交易活动甚至获得了一个独特的绰号——“伊坎上涨”，即当他开始买进某家公司的股票时，该公司股票价格就会上涨。如今，伊坎不仅通过自己的交易行为，还通过鼓励更多的股东行动起来，对金融行业施加影响。
George Soros
乔治•索罗斯
The man known for ‘breaking the bank of England’ got his start in the finance industry by writing to every managing director in every merchant bank in London until he was offered an entry level position by Singer & Friedlander. Having described that experience as “lonely, forlorn and…unhappy,” all Soros wanted to do from that bank job was make enough money to retire on ($100,000) so that he could devote his time to personal interests. He learned how to make money at that first job and became very good at it. As he says, “I got sucked in to making money. One thing led to another and I got caught in it.”
最初进入金融行业时，这位被称为“打垮英格兰银行的人”将自己的求职信递给伦敦每一家商业银行的每一位常务董事，最终获得Singer & Friedlander银行提供的一个入门职位。索罗斯对那段经历的描述是“孤独、绝望、郁闷”。他当时的想法是通过这份银行工作赚到足够多的钱（10万美元），然后就退休，专心做自己感兴趣的事。他在第一份工作中学会了如何赚钱，并成为个中高手。正如他所说：“我被卷入到赚钱的游戏当中。事情一件接一件，最终让我沉迷其中。”
George Soros is known around the world, especially in financial circles, for risking $10 billion on a single currency speculation shorting the British pound. In a single day, that trade generated a profit of nearly $2 billion. He didn’t make money only for himself. Soros also raked in returns of more than 30 percent per year as manager of the wildly successful Quantum Fund.
动用10亿美元操作的一次做空英镑的货币投机活动，让乔治•索罗斯在全世界尤其是金融领域闻名遐迩。他在一天内赚取的利润接近20亿美元。索罗斯不只为自己赚钱。他也是非常成功的量子基金的经理，该基金每年的回报率超过30%。
While Soros more than fulfilled his initial ambition of making money, he ultimately reached a point where he felt he had made enough. “When my personal wealth was about $30 million,” Soros says, “I thought, why should I keep on making money?” Finally making good on his desire to make enough money to pursue personal interests, Soros founded the Open Society Institute in 1993, dedicating his efforts to the development of open societies around the world. To date, his foundation has given more than $8 billion to support the advancement of human rights, freedom of expression and more in 70 countries.
索罗斯早已实现了当初赚钱的梦想，并且他终于认识到自己已经赚得足够多。索罗斯说道：“当我的个人财富达到3000万美元的时候，我在想我为什么还要继续赚钱？”1993年，索罗斯成立开放社会研究所，致力于全世界开放社会的发展，终于实现赚足够多的钱来追求个人兴趣爱好的愿望。截至目前，他的基金会已经捐款超过80亿美元，用于推动70个国家的人权、言论自由等进步事业。
Peter Lynch
彼得•林奇
Peter Lynch is widely considered as one of the greatest investors of all time. Interestingly, his path to greatness began not behind a trading desk, but on the greens of a local country club as a caddy to many successful businessmen and investors. The relationships he formed there would not only pique his interest in the stock market, but develop connections that he would later capitalize on to get his start in the investment industry.
彼得•林奇被普遍认为是史上最伟大的投资者之一。有趣的是，他的成功之路并非开始于交易柜台，而是始于一家乡村俱乐部的高尔夫球场。彼得•林奇在这家俱乐部为许多成功的商业人士和投资者担任球童。他在那里建立的关系不仅培养了他对股票市场的兴趣，也为他积累了丰富的人脉，为他随后进军投资界打下了良好的基础。
His first job was as an investment analyst with Fidelity. There were, as Lynch recalls, “75 applicants for three jobs at Fidelity, but I caddied for the president for eight years. So that was the only job interview I ever took.” Lynch would go on to work his entire career for Fidelity, most notably as the manager of the Fidelity Magellan Fund from 1977 to 1990, during which period he grew the fund’s assets from $20 million to $14 billion and beat the S&P 500 Index benchmark in 11 of those 13 years.
他的第一份工作是在富达基金担任投资分析师。据林奇回忆，当时“富达基金的3份工作有75名申请者，但我给富达基金的总裁做了8年球童。那是我唯一参加过的一次面试。”林奇的整个职业生涯都在富达基金度过，最引人注目的成就是1977年至1990年期间担任富达基金经理。在此期间，他使该基金的资产从2000万美元增加到140亿美元，在13年间有11次跑赢了标准普尔500指数。
His success as an investor can be traced back to the relationships he forged and the lessons he learned during his first job as a caddy on a golf course.
他在投资领域获得的巨大成功，可追溯到在高尔夫球场担任球童时建立的人脉和学到的知识。
What lessons can we learn from these business tycoons?
那么，我们究竟可以从这几位商业巨头身上学到什么教益呢？
Having considered the early careers and successes of these four business tycoons, there are a few lessons that individual investors can apply to their own experiences. From Cuban and Soros, we see that a willingness to take risks and commitment to one’s personal philosophy pays off in the end. From Icahn we learn that applying personal insight to the details of one’s work can help an investor to recognize profit-making opportunities others may overlook. From Lynch we see that relationships can be critical in opening doors to career opportunities.
通过研究这四位商业巨头的早期职业与成功，个人投资者可以学到许多经验，并应用到自己的工作当中。从库班和索罗斯身上，我们看到，冒险精神和对个人理念的坚持最终都带来了回报。从伊坎身上，我们看到，将个人的洞察力应用到工作的每一个细节，可以帮助投资者发现其他人忽视的盈利机会。我们在林奇身上看到了人际关系在创造职业机遇中的关键作用。
As a group, these tycoons teach us that we can shape our own investing journeys by gleaning wisdom from the successful habits of others.
这四位商业巨头教导我们，通过吸收其他人成功习惯中蕴含的智慧，我们完全可以塑造属于自己的投资生涯。
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