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Now, the VOA Special English program, Words and Their Stories. Today, we tell about the word wildcat.
这里是VOA特别英语词语和其典故节目。 今天我们要讲的词是“野猫”。
Humans have always depended on animals. From the beginning of human history, wild animals provided food, clothing and sometimes medicine.
人类常常依赖动物而生存。 从人类之始，野生动物为人类提供了食物，衣物，有时还有药物。
We may not depend as much on wild animals now. But we hear about them every day. Americans use the names of animals in many ways.
人类现在可能不那么依赖动物了。 但是我们每天都能听到他们的名字， 美国人使用这些名字的方式多种多样。
Many companies use animals to make us want to buy their goods. Automobile companies, for example, love to show fast horses when they are trying to sell their cars. They also name their cars for other fast powerful animals.
许多公司利用动物图案以促使我们购买他们的产品。 例如，汽车公司，当他们试图卖车时，喜爱展示飞奔的快马的形象。 有时汽车公司也用其他迅猛有力的动物为产品命名。
Automobile manufacturers and gasoline companies especially like to use big cats to sell their products. They like lions, tigers and wildcats.
汽车厂家和天然气公司特别喜欢利用大猫图来兜售产品。 他们偏爱狮子，老虎和野猫。
When Americans say wildcat, they usually mean a lynx, an ocelot or a bobcat. All these cats attack quickly and fiercely. So wildcats represent something fast and fierce.
当美国人说到野猫时，他们通常指的是一种山猫，豹猫或短尾山猫。 这些猫攻击目标时迅速、凶猛。 因此野猫代表着迅速，凶猛的事物。
What better way is there to sell a car than to say it is as fast as a wildcat. Or, what better way is there to sell gasoline than to say that using it is like putting a tiger in your tank.
还有比卖车时说“象野猫一样快”，更好的说法么？ 或者，还有比卖汽油时说“在你的邮箱放一只老虎”更好的说法么？
An early American use of the word wildcat was quite different. It was used to describe members of Congress who declared war on Britain in eighteen twelve. A magazine of that year said the wildcat congressmen went home. It said they were unable to face the responsibility of having involved their country in an unnecessary war.
美国人起初用这个词“野猫’却和现在大不相同， 被用来描述在1812年对英国宣战国会议员。 1812年一份杂志写道，野猫议员回家了， 意思是他们无法承担将美国陷入没必要战争的责任。
Wildcat also has been used as a name for money. It was used this way in the eighteen hundreds. At that time, some states permitted banks to make their own money. One bank in the state of Michigan offered paper money with a picture of a wildcat on it.
野猫还用来指钱， 这是十九世纪的用法。 那时，有些州允许银行自制钱币。 一家在密歇根州的银行造了其上印有野猫的纸钱。
Some banks, however, did not have enough gold to support all the paper money they offered. So the money had little or no value. It was called a wildcat bill or a wildcat bank note. The banks who offered this money were called wildcat banks.
然而有些银行没有足够的金子还支撑他们发行的纸币。 因此，这些钱便贬值了， 被称为野猫账单或野猫银票。 发行这些钱的银行被称为野猫银行。
A newspaper of the time said those were the days of wildcat money. It said a man might be rich in the morning and poor by night.
当时一家报纸称这是野猫钱大行其道的日子， 它写道一个人可能早上醒来突然暴富，也可能一夜之间穷困潦倒。
Wildcat was used in another way in the eighteen hundreds. It was used for an oil well or gold mine that had almost no oil or gold in it. Dishonest developers would buy such property. Then they would sell it and leave town with the money. The buyers were left with worthless holes in the ground. Today, wildcat oil wells are in areas that are not known to have oil.
在十九世纪，这个词还有别的用法， 被用来指几乎不出油或不产金的油井或金矿。 不诚实的开发商可能会购买这些矿， 然后带着卖矿的钱离开； 而留给买家的是地面上的一文不值的洞眼。 今天，野猫油井指那些不知道会出油的地区。
Yet another kind of wildcat is the wildcat strike. That is a strike called without official approval by a union. During World War Two, an American publication accused wildcat strikers of slowing government production.
还有一种野猫用于野猫式罢工， 指一种工会组织的没有官方允可的罢工。 在第二次世界大战期间，一个美国出版社指控野猫罢工造成了政府生产的减缓。
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