A new study finds that organ transplant recipients have a much greater risk of cancer than the general population, but the reason is not entirely clear.
一项新的研究表明，接受器官移植的人比一般人群患癌症的风险大得多， 但是具体原因还不清楚。
Cancer growth is often triggered by viruses, and the body's immune system helps keep those viruses in check. But transplant recipients get powerful drugs to suppress their immune system, so that they don't reject the transplanted organ.
癌症通常是由病毒引发的，而免疫系统会帮助人体抑制住那些病毒。 但是，为了使他们的身体不会排斥被植入的器官，器官移植接受者们会摄取一些强效的药物来抑制他们自身的免疫系统。
Researchers have known that transplant recipients are more likely to get cancer, but this new study, (published in JAMA, )shows how much more likely.
研究人员已经知道器官移植接受者患癌症的风险更大一些， 但是，在《美国医学会杂志》上发表的一个新的研究报告向人们展示了这个风险究竟会大多少。
Lead author Eric Engles, of the U.S. National Cancer Institute, says getting an organ transplant can double your risk of cancer during the year after transplant.
这篇报告的第一作者是来自于美国国家癌症研究所的艾瑞克·恩格斯。他指出，接受器官移植的人在移植后的一年内患癌症的风险会加倍。
"So, if a population like ours would be expected to develop about seven cancers in 1,000 people, we observed about twice that - about 13 or 14 cancers among 1,000 people [who got transplants] followed for one year."
“在一般人群中，每一千个人里面可能有七个人患有癌症。但是这个情况在接受器官移植的人群里增加了一倍，也就是说，每一千个器官移植接受者在手术后的一年内会有13或14个人患上癌症。”
Engles and his colleagues used records of 175,000 U.S. transplant patients. Kidney transplants were the most common, followed by liver, heart and lung.
恩格斯和他的同事们一起对美国十七万五千个接受器官移植的病人进行了观察记录。 肾脏移植是最常见的病例，其次是肝脏移植、心脏移植和肺移植。
The cancers sometimes showed up in the transplanted organ. Kidney cancer was most common in kidney recipients. Likewise, lung cancer among lung recipients.
癌变通常发生在植入的器官上。 肾癌多发于肾移植接受者。 同样地，肺癌也多发于肺移植接受者。
But other cancers didn't have a direct link with the organ that was transplanted. For example, the most common cancer among transplant recipients is non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which affects the immune system.
但是，还有一些癌症是与植入的器官没有直接联系的。 例如，非霍奇金淋巴瘤是在器官移植接受者中最常见的癌症，它会影响人体的免疫系统。
"And this is seen in immuno-compromised people, and it's due to a virus, Epstein-Barr virus," Engles says. "And we saw a very elevated risk for this cancer, particularly among lung recipients, and we think that that high risk might relate in part to the fact that those people receive especially intense immune suppression."
恩格斯说：“这种癌症多发于免疫系统受损的人群，是由巴尔病毒引起的。 而且我们发现，接受肺移植的人患这种癌症的风险更大。我们认为，风险增大的原因在于那些人使用了强效的免疫抑制剂。”
Even though transplant patients may face a doubled risk of cancer, Engles says it must be put into the context of other transplant risks - including organ rejection and infection - and the procedure's benefits.
恩格斯说，接受器官移植的人患癌症的风险加倍可能是由于移植器官的排斥作用、手术感染和其它的手术操作问题。
"Transplantation is a life-saving therapy and is one of the miracles of modern medicine. Cancer is one of the important complications of transplantation, but it's not the only one."
“移植手术是一种救生的治疗方法，也是现代医学的一个奇迹。 癌症是移植手术的一种重要的并发症，但它只是其中之一。”
National Cancer Institute scientist, Eric Engles, published this research in the Journal Of The American Medical Association—JAMA.
美国国家癌症研究所的科学家—艾瑞克·恩格斯，在《美国医学协会杂志》上发表了这项研究报告。
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