新概念英语语法：地点状语从句和原因状语从句
一、地点状语从句
1．引导地点状语从句的从属连词where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前。
I have a simple philosophy: Fill what’s empty. Empty what’s full. Scratch（挠） where it itches.
我有一个简单的哲学：空即添满，满即清空，哪儿痒痒挠哪儿。
注：一切随缘的哲学。
Where there''s a will there''s a way, but what if your name is Will?
有志者事竟成，但如果你就叫WILL呢？
注：如果他叫Will，那他就路路通，什么事儿也难不倒他。这是根据俗语延伸出的好玩儿的思维，下面的句子也是这个俗语的好玩儿延伸：
Where there''s a will, there''s an Inheritance（遗产） Tax.
哪里有遗嘱，哪里就有遗产税。
注：遗嘱留下了遗产，要交遗产税。通常说Where’s a will, there’s a way.有志者，事竟成。
2．区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句：
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)
You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)
二、原因状语从句
1．引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that，每个连词的含义不尽相同。（because用得最多）
Doctor: Your pulse is as steady as a clock.
Patient: Because you have your hand on my wristwatch.
医生：你的脉搏象钟表一样稳。
病人：因为你把手放在了我的手表上。
The elephant didn’t wear green sneakers（运动鞋）because his red ones were in wash.
大象没穿绿运动鞋，因为他的红鞋正洗呢。
Chef wanted me to inform you that, as you never leave a tip, you may as well know that he never washes his hands.
厨师想让我告诉你因为你从不留小费，你最好知道他从不洗手。
Bruised（浑身是伤） and bandage（缠着绷带）, a worker arrived at the office. Since he was an hour late, his boss yelled and wanted him to explain.
“I fell down a flight of stairs.”
“And that took a whole hour?”
一名工作人员浑身是伤，缠着绷带来到办公室，因为他迟到了一个小时，老板冲他大喊大叫要他作出解释。
“我从楼梯上掉了下来”。
“那需要整整一个小时吗”？
The modern French duel（ 决斗）is one of the most dangerous traditions of our day. Since it is fought in the open air the combatants are sure to catch cold.
现代法国决斗是当代最危险的风俗之一。因为在露天进行，决斗者肯定要得感冒。
注：“决斗的危险”和“感冒”联系起来思维是发散的。
Since we’re both working on the same marriage, I thought it should be a good idea to get together and compare notes.
因为我们经营的是同一个婚姻，我认为我们一起比较一下便条是个好主意。
注：夫妻间在打冷战，谁也不跟谁说话，丈夫提议用便条来交流。
2．其他表示原因的方式
除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of, thank to, due to, owing to等。
Teacher: Why are you late, Joseph?
Joseph: Because of a sign on the road.
Teacher: What does a sign have to do with your being late?
Joseph: The sign said, School Ahead, Go Slow!
老师：你为什么迟到？
学生：因为一个路标。
老师：路标和你迟到有什么关系？
学生：路标上写着，“前面有学校，慢行”。
Thanks to my failure to learn shorthand.(速记) It probably saved me from a lifetime of hard work.
感谢我没有学会速记，可能省了我一生的艰苦工作。
注：有些技能不学可能更好。
Due to recent cutbacks, the light at the end of the tunnel[隧道] has been turned off.
最近为了减少开支，已经关掉了隧道尽头的灯。
注：The light at the end of the tunnel隧道尽头的灯是指“黑暗中的希望”，这句话的意思是最后的希望都放弃了。
Many a man’s wonderful self-control is due to the fact that he has a wife.
很多男人具有极强的自我控制能力是因为他有一个太太。
注：男人在家里养成了控制自己，尊敬太太的习惯。
此外，并列连词for加分词也可表原因，for与后面的分句可对前面的分句起补充说明的作用。
他以无知著称，他只有一个想法，还是错的。
He was distinguished[著名的] for ignorance; for he had only one idea and that was wrong.
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